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eISBN 978-3-12-909078-7
The characters
Guy Fawkes
Additional information
Exercises
Glossary
Thanks to the annual celebration of Bonfire Night on November 5th, most people in Britain know the name Guy Fawkes – a historical figure immortalised by the symbolic burning of an effigy of him in villages and towns all over Britain. The story behind this somewhat brutal tradition is both complex and exciting. It is known simply as The Gunpowder Plot. Here is a short introduction to the key people involved in the plan to blow up Parliament and kill the King of England:
Guy Fawkes was a soldier who began his career fighting for the Spanish army against the Dutch in the Eighty Years’ War. During this time, he became an expert in explosives and later used this knowledge in the plot to blow up the House of Lords.
Robert Catesby was the leader of the Gunpowder Plot and mastermind behind the conspiracy. Catesby spent many years bringing together the most powerful Catholics in the country in the hope of replacing the Protestant king with a Catholic-friendly heir.
Francis Tresham was one of the thirteen plotters involved in the Gunpowder Plot. He is often given the blame for exposing the Gunpowder Plot, though many historians say there is no real proof of this.
Lord Monteagle, whose real name was William Parker, was a Catholic English peer who exposed the Gunpowder Plot after he received an anonymous letter from one of the plotters warning him of the attack.
King James I was born in 1566, the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. When he was eight months old, his father was murdered and his mother was put into prison. He never saw her again. She was later executed by her cousin, Elizabeth I of England. Although James’ mother was Catholic, James was never close to her and grew up a Protestant. At the age of one he became King of Scotland. Later, in 1603, he became King of England and Ireland as well.
Robert Cecil was one of the most powerful politicians in England at the time of James I. His father, William Cecil, had been the chief advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. Robert became Secretary of State under Elizabeth and remained in power under James I. He was also known as the “spymaster”.
The House of Lords was the English Parliament. Its members were Lords rather than democratically elected politicians. In 1605 Westminster was quite different than it is today. It was surrounded by a wall, a bit like a small city in itself. Within these walls there were shops and inns and – most famously – a huge cellar known as an “undercroft” where shopkeepers could store their goods. The conspirators of the Gunpowder Plot used this undercroft to store their gunpowder until the State Opening of Parliament.
“Hey, check this out!” Liam pointed at a scarecrow, whose head was sticking out of a pile of rubbish.
“Cool!” said Jenson.
The boys pulled the scarecrow out of the pile. Apart from a missing arm, he was in pretty good shape.
“I can ask my dad for some clothes,” said Liam, wiping some dirt off the scarecrow’s face. “He’s about the same size.”
The two boys often came to the local rubbish dump looking for unusual items. It was amazing.