Details

2D Functional Nanomaterials

Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
1. Aufl.

von: Ganesh S. Kamble
144,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-VCH
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	11.10.2021
ISBN/EAN:	9783527823949
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	448

In den Warenkorb

Als Gutschein

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

2D Functional Nanomaterials Outlines the latest developments in 2D heterojunction nanomaterials with energy conversion applications In 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, Dr. Ganesh S. Kamble presents an authoritative overview of the most recent progress in the rational design and synthesis of 2D nanomaterials and their applications in semiconducting catalysts, biosensors, electrolysis, batteries, and solar cells. This interdisciplinary volume is a valuable resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, nanoscientists, and solid-state physicists looking for up-to-date information on 2D heterojunction nanomaterials. The text summarizes the scientific contributions of international experts in the fabrication and application of 2D nanomaterials while discussing the importance and impact of 2D nanomaterials on future economic growth, novel manufacturing processes, and innovative products. <ul><li>Provides thorough coverage of graphene chemical derivatives synthesis and applications, including state-of-the-art developments and perspectives</li> <li>Describes 2D/2D graphene oxide-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for immobilization of different radionuclides</li> <li>Covers 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and novel 2D nanomaterials for next-generation photodetectors</li> <li>Discusses applications of 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy and recent trends ingraphene-latex nanocomposites</li></ul> Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, and electronics engineers, 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications is also an essential resource for solid-state physicists seeking accurate information on recent progress in two-dimensional heterojunction materials with energy conversion applications.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword xvii Preface xxi 1 Graphene Chemical Derivatives Synthesis and Applications: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives 1 Maxim K. Rabchinskii, Maksim V. Gudkov, and Dina Yu. Stolyarova 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Graphene Oxide: Synthesis Methods and Chemistry Alteration 3 1.3 Graphene Oxide Reduction and Functionalization 6 1.4 Applications of CMGs 13 1.5 Concluding Remarks 15 Acknowledgments 15 References 16 2 2D/2D Graphene Oxide-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite for the Immobilization of Different Radionuclides 21 Paulmanickam Koilraj and Keiko Sasaki 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Synthesis of GO/LDH Composite 22 2.2.1 Co-precipitation 22 2.2.2 Hydrothermal Preparation 23 2.2.3 Self-Assembly of LDH Nanosheets with GO Nanosheets 24 2.3 Removal of Radionuclides 24 2.3.1 U(VI) Removal 24 2.3.2 Sorption of Eu(III) with the Presence of GO on LDH 25 2.3.3 Co-remediation Anionic SeO42− and Cationic Sr2+ 26 2.4 Conclusion 29 References 29 3 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 31 Poliraju Kalluru and Raviraj Vankayala 3.1 Introduction 31 3.1.1 Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy 31 3.1.2 Bioimaging and Drug/Gene Delivery 34 3.1.3 Biosensors 37 3.1.4 Antibacterial Activity 39 3.1.5 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 41 3.2 Conclusions 43 References 43 4 Novel Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Next-Generation Photodetectors 47 Khurelbaatar Zagarzusem and Zumuukhorol Munkhsaikhan 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 2D Materials for PDs 49 4.2.1 Graphene 49 4.2.2 TMDs (Transition Metal Dichalcogenides) 49 4.2.3 MXenes (2D Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides) 50 4.2.4 Xenes (Monoelemental 2D Materials) 50 4.3 The Physical Mechanism Enabling Photodetection 50 4.4 Characterization Parameters for Photodetectors 51 4.4.1 Responsivity 51 4.4.2 Detectivity 52 4.4.3 External Quantum Efficiency 52 4.4.4 Gain 52 4.4.5 Response Time 52 4.4.6 Noise Equivalent Power 52 4.5 Synthesis Methods for 2D Materials 53 4.5.1 Mechanical Exfoliation 53 4.5.2 Liquid Exfoliation 53 4.5.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 53 4.6 Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials 55 4.6.1 Photodetectors Based on Graphene 55 4.6.2 Photodetectors Based on MoS2 55 4.6.3 Photodetectors Based on BP 55 4.7 Photodetectors Based on 2D Heterostructures 56 4.8 Conclusions and Outlook 58 References 58 5 2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy 63 Naresh Kuthala 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy 64 5.2.1 2D Nanomaterials for Combination PTT with PDT 64 5.2.2 2D-Nanomaterials for Combination PTT Therapy with Radiotherapy (RT) 68 5.2.3 2D Nanomaterials for Combination PTT Therapy with Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) 70 5.2.4 2D Nanomaterials for Combination PTT Therapy with Immune Therapy (ImT) 73 5.3 Summary and Future Perspectives 76 References 76 6 Graphene and Its Derivatives – Synthesis and Applications 81 Amer Al-Nafiey 6.1 Introduction 81 6.2 Graphite 81 6.2.1 Define 81 6.2.2 Synthetic Graphite 82 6.2.3 Characterized and Properties of Graphite 82 6.2.3.1 Structure 82 6.2.4 Applications 84 6.3 Graphene Oxide 84 6.3.1 Define 84 6.3.2 Synthetic of Graphene Oxide 84 6.3.3 Characterized and Properties of Graphene Oxide 84 6.3.3.1 Structure 84 6.3.3.2 Properties of Graphene Oxide 87 6.3.3.3 Applications of Graphene Oxide 88 6.3.3.4 Few Examples 88 6.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide 89 6.4.1 Define 89 6.4.2 Synthetic of Reduced Graphene Oxide or Reduction of Graphene Oxide 89 6.4.2.1 Thermal Reduction of GO 90 6.4.2.2 Photocatalytic Method 94 6.4.2.3 Electrochemical Method 95 6.4.2.4 Other Methods 95 6.4.3 Characterized, Structure, and Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide 95 6.4.3.1 Structure 96 6.4.3.2 Properties and Applications of Reduced Graphene Oxide 97 6.5 Graphene 98 6.5.1 Define 98 6.5.2 Synthesis of Graphene 98 6.5.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 101 6.5.2.2 Epitaxial Growth 102 6.5.2.3 Mechanical Exfoliation 104 6.5.2.4 Chemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) 105 6.5.3 Characterized, Structure, and Properties of Graphene 105 6.5.3.1 Surface Properties 105 6.5.3.2 Electronic Properties 105 6.5.3.3 Optical Properties 106 6.5.3.4 Mechanical Properties 107 6.5.3.5 Thermal Properties 107 6.5.3.6 Photocatalytic Properties 108 6.5.3.7 Magnetic Properties 109 6.5.3.8 Characterizations of Graphene 109 6.5.3.9 Morphology (SEM, TEM, and AFM) 109 6.5.3.10 Raman Spectroscopy 111 6.5.3.11 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 111 6.5.3.12 UV–Visible Spectroscopy 112 6.5.3.13 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 114 6.5.3.14 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 114 6.5.3.15 FTIR Spectroscopy 115 6.5.4 Application of Graphene 116 References 116 7 Recent Trends in Graphene – Latex Nanocomposites 125 Anand Krishnamoorthy 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 Polymer Lattices – An Overview 125 7.3 Graphene – Background 127 7.4 Preparation and Functionalization of Graphene 128 7.5 Graphene – Latex Nanocomposites: Preparation Properties and Applications 129 7.6 Conclusions 137 References 138 8 Advanced Characterization and Techniques 141 Raja Murugesan 8.1 Introduction 141 8.2 Characterization Techniques 141 8.2.1 Optical Techniques – Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 141 8.2.2 Optical Spectroscopy 144 8.2.3 NMR-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 145 8.2.4 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy 145 8.2.5 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 146 8.2.6 Characterization Based on Interactions with Electrons or Electron Microscopy (EM) 147 8.2.6.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 147 8.2.6.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 149 8.2.6.3 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) 150 8.2.6.4 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) 151 8.2.7 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 151 8.2.8 Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) 152 8.2.9 X-Ray-Based Techniques 152 References 154 9 2D Nanomaterials: Sustainable Materials for Cancer Therapy Applications 157 Mamta Chahar and Sarita Khaturia 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 158 9.3 Methods for the Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 160 9.4 Mechanism of Cancer Theranostics 162 9.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 163 9.6 Conclusion 163 References 169 10 Recent Advances in Functional 2D Materials for Field Effect Transistors and Nonvolatile Resistive Memories 175 Adnan Younis, Jawad Alsaei, Basma Al-Najar, Hacene Manaa, Pranay Rajan, El Hadi S. Sadki, Aicha Loucif, and Shama Sehar 10.1 Introduction to 2D Materials 175 10.2 Electronic Band Structure in 2D Materials 176 10.3 Electronic Transport Properties of 2D Materials 178 10.4 Two-Dimensional Materials in Field Effect Transistors 180 10.4.1 Field Effect Transistors 180 10.4.2 The Rise of 2D Materials Research in FETs 180 10.4.3 Graphene-Based Field Effect Transistors 181 10.4.4 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in Transistors 183 10.5 Two-Dimensional Materials as Nonvolatile Resistive Memories 184 10.5.1 Nonvolatile Resistive Memories Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives 185 10.5.2 Resistive Switching Memories in 2D Materials “Beyond” Graphene 187 10.5.2.1 Solution-Processed MoS2-Based Resistive Memories 187 10.5.2.2 Solution-Processed Black Phosphorous Nonvolatile Resistive Memories 188 10.5.2.3 Emerging NVM Based on Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) 188 10.6 Conclusions and Outlook 189 References 190 11 2D Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy 199 Raj Kumar, Naveen Bunekar, Sunil Dutt, Pulikanti G. Reddy, Abhishek K. Gupta, Keshaw R. Aadil, Vivek K. Mishra, Shivendra Singh, and Chandrani Sarkar 11.1 Introduction 199 11.2 2D Nanomaterials Classification 202 11.2.1 Graphene Family Nanomaterials 202 11.2.2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) 203 11.2.3 Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) 205 11.2.4 Carbonitrides (MXenes) 206 11.2.5 Black Phosphorus (BP) 206 11.3 Cancer Therapy 208 11.3.1 Mechanism of Action in Cancer Therapy 212 11.3.1.1 Mode of Action of 2D Nanomaterials 212 11.3.2 Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Cell Treatment 215 11.3.2.1 Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy 215 11.3.2.2 2D Nanomaterials as Photosensitizer for PDT 217 11.3.2.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Photodynamic Therapy 217 11.3.3 2D Nanomaterials-Cancer Detection/Diagnosis/Theragnostic 218 11.4 Tissue Engineering 219 11.5 Conclusion 220 Acknowledgment 221 References 221 12 Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials Via Green and Sol–Gel Methods: A Review 235 Ankit S. Bartwal, Rahul Thakur, Sumit Ringwal, and Satish C. Sati 12.1 Introduction 235 12.2 Methods Used in Nanostructured Synthesis 236 12.2.1 Green Method of Nanoparticles Synthesis 236 12.2.2 Sol–Gel Method of Nanoparticles Synthesis 236 12.2.3 Green Method of Nanocomposites Synthesis 241 12.2.4 Sol–Gel Method of Nanocomposites 241 12.3 Discussion 241 12.4 Conclusion 244 References 244 13 Study of Antimicrobial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaves Extract of Ficus auriculata Based on Green Chemistry Principles 249 Gurpreet Kour, Ankit S. Bartwal, and Satish C. Sati 13.1 Introduction 249 13.2 Materials and Methods 250 13.2.1 Chemicals 250 13.2.2 Methodology 250 13.2.3 Antimicrobial Activity 251 13.3 Results and Discussion 251 13.3.1 Characterization of Synthesized Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) 251 13.3.1.1 XRD Analysis 251 13.3.1.2 FT-IR Analysis 252 13.3.1.3 SEM Analysis 254 13.3.1.4 TEM Analysis 254 13.3.2 Antibacterial Activity 254 13.4 Conclusion 255 Acknowledgments 255 References 255 14 Piezoelectric Properties of Na1−xKxNbO3 near x = 0.475, Morphotropic Phase Region 257 Surendra Singh and Narayan S. Panwar 14.1 Introduction 257 14.2 Experimental Procedure 259 14.3 Results and Discussion 260 References 262 15 Synthesis and Characterization of SDC Nano-Powder for IT-SOFC Applications 265 Bharati B. Patil 15.1 Introduction 265 15.1.1 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 265 15.1.2 Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs) 266 15.1.3 Why Samarium-Doped Ceria (SDC) Material? 266 15.1.4 Various Synthesis Methods for SDC 267 15.1.5 Why SDC Synthesis by Combustion Process? 268 15.1.6 Why SDC Synthesis by Glycine Nitrate Combustion Process (GNP)? 268 15.1.7 Applications of SDC Material Related to Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 269 15.1.7.1 Applications of SDC as SOFC Electrolyte 269 15.1.7.2 Applications of SDC to Make Composite Anode 269 15.1.7.3 Applications of SDC to Make Composite Cathode 270 15.1.7.4 Applications of SDC as an Interlayer 270 15.1.7.5 Applications of SDC as an Additional Anode Layer 270 15.2 Experimental 270 15.2.1 Powder Synthesis 270 15.2.2 Powder Characterization 271 15.3 Results and Discussion 272 15.3.1 TG-DTG Study 272 15.3.2 XRD Analysis 272 15.3.3 Powder Microstructure 276 15.3.3.1 SEM Analysis 276 15.3.3.2 TEM Analysis 277 15.3.3.3 EDAX Analysis 277 15.3.3.4 BET Analysis 278 15.3.4 Electrical Properties 278 15.4 Conclusions 281 Acknowledgments 281 References 282 16 Introduction of 2D Nanomaterials and Their Photocatalytic Applications 285 Kallappa Ramchandra Sanadi 16.1 Introduction 285 16.2 Definitions of Nanomaterials 286 16.3 History of Nanotechnology 286 16.3.1 Top-down Approach 286 16.3.2 Bottom-up Approach 286 16.4 Classification of Nanomaterials 286 16.4.1 Zero-Dimensional (0-D) 287 16.4.2 One-Dimensional (1-D) 287 16.4.3 Three-Dimensional (3-D) 287 16.4.4 Two-Dimensional (2-D) 287 16.4.4.1 Synthetic Methods 288 16.5 Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 290 16.6 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 291 16.7 Photocatalytic Application 291 16.7.1 Why Photocatalyst? 291 16.7.2 Brief History of Photocatalysis 292 16.7.3 Principles of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 292 16.7.4 Photocatalytic Study of 2D Nanomaterials 293 16.7.5 Challenges Behind 2D Nanomaterials as a Photocatalyst 294 References 294 17 Graphene and Its Analogous 2D-Layered Materials for Flexible Persistent Energy Storage Devices in Consumer Electronics 297 Himadri Tanaya Das, K. Hariprasad, and T. E. Balaji 17.1 Introduction 297 17.2 Brief Sketch of the Types of SC and Its Working Mechanism 298 17.3 Evolution of Electrode Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors 300 17.4 Developing Graphene Electrodes with Different Nanocomposites 304 17.4.1 Other Carbon-Based Nanomaterials with Graphene 304 17.4.2 Using Organic Composites with Graphene 306 17.4.3 Conductive Polymer with Graphene 306 17.4.4 Combining Graphene with Other Metal Oxides/Hydroxides 308 17.4.5 Combining Graphene with Other 2D-Layered Materials 308 17.5 Novel Technologies to Develop Flexible Graphene-Based Supercapacitors 310 17.6 Conclusion 311 17.7 Future Aspects 313 References 313 18 2D Dichalcogenides 317 Ram S. Singh, Varun Rai, and Arun K. Singh 18.1 Introduction 317 18.1.1 What Are 2D Dichalcogenides? 317 18.1.2 Properties 318 18.2 Methods of Synthesis 321 18.2.1 Top-Down Method 321 18.2.1.1 Micromechanical Exfoliation 321 18.2.1.2 Liquid Exfoliation 322 18.2.1.3 Chemical Intercalation and Exfoliation 322 18.2.1.4 Electrochemical Exfoliation 322 18.2.1.5 Thinning by Thermal Annealing, Laser, and Chemical Etching 323 18.2.2 Bottom-Up Method 323 18.2.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition 323 18.2.2.2 Solvo-Thermal 324 18.2.2.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 325 18.3 Modification of Properties 325 18.4 Applications 327 18.4.1 Optoelectronics 327 18.4.2 Sensors 329 18.4.3 Spintronics 329 18.4.4 Photocatalysis 329 18.4.5 Biomedical Applications 330 18.5 Conclusion 330 Acknowledgment 330 References 331 19 Recent Trends on Graphene-Based Metal Oxide Nanocomposites Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application 335 Kashinath Lellala and Mouni Roy 19.1 Introduction 335 19.1.1 Basic of Photo-Anode/Cathode 335 19.1.2 Properties of PEC 336 19.1.3 Importance of Catalyst/Electrode 336 19.1.4 Fundamental Concept of Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting 337 19.1.4.1 Light–Catalyst Interaction 337 19.1.4.2 Electron–Hole Pair 337 19.1.4.3 Carrier Transportation-Separation 338 19.1.4.4 Water Splitting Reaction 339 19.1.4.5 Nature of Electrolyte 339 19.1.4.6 Catalysis 339 19.1.4.7 Crystallinity and Size 340 19.1.4.8 Temperature and Pressure 340 19.1.4.9 Heterogeneous Electron Transfer 340 19.1.4.10 pH Dependency 340 19.2 Graphene and Graphene-Based Nanocomposites 340 19.2.1 Graphene 340 19.2.2 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites 341 19.3 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Metal Oxide Nanocomposites 342 19.4 Application of Graphene–Metal Oxide Composites Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 345 19.5 Summary and Future Perspective 349 References 349 20 2D MOFs Nanosheets 357 Arezou Mohammadinezhad 20.1 Introduction 357 20.2 Synthetic Strategies 357 20.2.1 Top-Down Method 358 20.2.1.1 Sonication Exfoliation 358 20.2.1.2 Mechanical Exfoliation Method 359 20.2.1.3 Chemical Exfoliation 359 20.2.1.4 Langmuir–Blodgett Method 359 20.2.1.5 Solvent-Induced Exfoliation 359 20.2.2 Bottom-Up Method 359 20.2.2.1 Interfacial Synthesis Method 360 20.2.2.2 Surfactant-Assisted Method 360 20.2.2.3 Template Method 360 20.2.2.4 Sonication Synthesis Method 360 20.2.3 Other Synthesis Methods 361 20.3 Applications of 2D MOFs Nanosheets 361 20.3.1 Gas Separation 361 20.3.2 Energy Conversion and Storage 361 20.3.3 Catalysis 362 20.3.4 Sensing Platforms 362 20.3.5 Biomedicine 362 20.4 Composites of 2D MOF Nanosheets 362 20.5 Conclusion 363 References 363 21 Introduction and Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 369 Atta U. Rehman, Fatima Afzal, Muhammad T. Ansar, Amna Sajjad, and Muhammad A. Munir 21.1 Introduction 369 21.2 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials 371 21.2.1 Photodetectors 371 21.2.2 Phototransistors 371 21.2.3 p–n Junction Photodetectors 372 21.2.4 Field-Effect Transistors 373 21.2.5 Gas Sensors 373 21.2.6 Lithium-Ion Batteries 374 21.2.7 Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes 374 21.2.8 Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes 375 21.2.9 Graphene as Current Collector 376 21.2.10 Graphene in Super capacitors 376 21.2.11 Graphene Nanocomposites with Distinct Materials 377 21.2.12 Doping and Surface Modifications 378 21.2.13 Graphene for Gas Sensors 379 21.3 Conclusion 379 References 380 22 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis 383 Gubbala V. Ramesh, N. Mahendar Reddy, Muvva D. Prasad, D. Saritha, and Kola Ramesh 22.1 Introduction 383 22.2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction 385 22.3 Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction 388 22.4 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 391 22.5 Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Production 395 22.6 Photocatalytic Dye Degradation 397 22.7 Conclusion 401 References 402 Index 413

Autorenportrait

Ganesh S. Kamble, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology, India.

Back cover copy

Outlines the latest developments in 2D heterojunction nanomaterials with energy conversion applications In 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, Dr. Ganesh S. Kamble presents an authoritative overview of the most recent progress in the rational design and synthesis of 2D nanomaterials and their applications in semiconducting catalysts, biosensors, electrolysis, batteries, and solar cells. This interdisciplinary volume is a valuable resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, nanoscientists, and solid-state physicists looking for up-to-date information on 2D heterojunction nanomaterials. The text summarizes the scientific contributions of international experts in the fabrication and application of 2D nanomaterials while discussing the importance and impact of 2D nanomaterials on future economic growth, novel manufacturing processes, and innovative products. <ul><li>Provides thorough coverage of graphene chemical derivatives synthesis and applications, including state-of-the-art developments and perspectives</li> <li>Describes 2D/2D graphene oxide-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for immobilization of different radionuclides</li> <li>Covers 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and novel 2D nanomaterials for next-generation photodetectors</li> <li>Discusses applications of 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy and recent trends in graphene-latex nanocomposites</li></ul> Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, and electronics engineers, 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications is also anessential resource for solid-state physicists seeking accurate information on recent progress in two-dimensional heterojunction materials with energy conversion applications.