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Notes on Contributors xi <p>Introduction 1</p> <p><b>Part I History of Technology 5</b></p> <p>1 History of Technology 7<br /> <i>Thomas J. Misa</i></p> <p>2 Definitions of Technology 18<br /> <i>Richard Li-Hua</i></p> <p>3 Western Technology 23<br /> <i>Keld Nielsen</i></p> <p>4 Chinese Technology 28<br /> <i>Francesca Bray</i></p> <p>5 Islamic Technology 32<br /> <i>Thomas F. Glick</i></p> <p>6 Japanese Technology 37<br /> <i>David Wittner</i></p> <p>7 Technology and War 43<br /> <i>Bart Hacker</i></p> <p><b>Part II Technology and Science 49</b></p> <p>8 Technology and Science 51<br /> <i>Don Ihde</i></p> <p>9 Science and Technology: Positivism and Critique 61<br /> <i>Hans Radder</i></p> <p>10 Engineering Science 66<br /> <i>Louis L. Bucciarelli</i></p> <p>11 Technological Knowledge 70<br /> <i>Anthonie W. M. Meijers and Marc J. de Vries</i></p> <p>12 The Interplay between Science and Technology 75<br /> <i>Bart Gremmen</i></p> <p>13 Instruments in Science and Technology 78<br /> <i>Mieke Boon</i></p> <p>14 Social Construction of Science 84<br /> <i>Harry Collins</i></p> <p>15 Social Construction of Technology 88<br /> Wiebe E. Bijker</p> <p>16 Theory Change and Instrumentation 95<br /> Joseph C. Pitt</p> <p>17 Biology and Technology 99<br /> Keekok Lee</p> <p>18 Nuclear Technologies 104<br /> <i>William J. Nuttall</i></p> <p>19 Engineering Design 112<br /> <i>Peter Kroes<br /> </i></p> <p>20 Cybernetics 118<br /> <i>Andrew Pickering</i></p> <p>21 Chemistry and Technology 123<br /> <i>Helge S. Kragh</i></p> <p><b>Part III Technology and Philosophy 129</b></p> <p>22 Introduction: Philosophy and Technology 131<br /> <i>Val Dusek</i></p> <p>23 Semiotics of Technology 141<br /> <i>Robert E. Innis</i></p> <p>24 Critical Theory of Technology 146<br /> <i>Andrew Feenberg</i></p> <p>25 Cyborgs 154<br /> <i>Evan Selinger</i></p> <p>26 Simulation 157<br /> <i>Evan Selinger</i></p> <p>27 Technology as “Applied Science” 160<br /> <i>Robert C. Scharff</i></p> <p>28 Technological Artifacts 165<br /> <i>Peter-Paul Verbeek and Pieter E. Vermaas</i></p> <p>29 Technical Practice 172<br /> <i>Bart Gremmen</i></p> <p>30 Technological Pragmatism 175<br /> <i>Larry Hickman</i></p> <p>31 Hermeneutics and Technologies 180<br /> <i>Don Ihde</i></p> <p>32 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 184<br /> <i>Maarten Franssen</i></p> <p>33 Technological Rationality 189<br /> <i>Lorenzo C. Simpson</i></p> <p>34 Phenomenology and Technology 195<br /> <i>Iain Thomson</i></p> <p>35 Expertise 202<br /> <i>Evan Selinger</i></p> <p>36 Imaging Technologies 205<br /> <i>Don Ihde</i></p> <p>37 The Critique of the Precautionary Principle and the Possibility for an “Enlightened Doomsaying” 210<br /> <i>Jean-Pierre Dupuy</i></p> <p>38 Technology and Metaphysics 214<br /> <i>Jean-Pierre Dupuy</i></p> <p>39 Large Technical Systems 218<br /> <i>Erik van der Vleuten</i></p> <p>40 Sociotechnical Systems 223<br /> <i>Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes</i></p> <p>41 Information Technology 227<br /> <i>Luciano Floridi</i></p> <p><b>Part IV Technology and Environment 233</b></p> <p>42 Technology and Environment 235<br /> <i>Mary Tiles</i></p> <p>43 The Precautionary Principle 248<br /> <i>Andy Stirling</i></p> <p>44 Boundary-work, Pluralism and the Environment 263<br /> <i>Jozef Keulartz</i></p> <p>45 Global Warming 270<br /> <i>Sir John Houghton</i></p> <p>46 The Reinvention of CO2 as Refrigerant for Both Heating and Cooling 276<br /> <i>Jan Hurlen</i></p> <p>47 Environmental Science and Technology 280<br /> <i>Mary Tiles</i></p> <p>48 Agriculture and Technology 285<br /> <i>John R. Porter and Jesper Rasmussen</i></p> <p>49 The Built Environment 289<br /> <i>Christian Illies</i></p> <p><b>Part V Technology and Politics 295</b></p> <p>50 Technology and Politics 297<br /> <i>Evan Selinger</i></p> <p>51 The Idea of Progress 303<br /> <i>Daniel Sarewitz</i></p> <p>52 Technology and Power 308<br /> <i>Daniel Sarewitz</i></p> <p>53 Technology and Culture 311<br /> <i>Lucien Scubla</i></p> <p>54 Technology Management 316<br /> <i>Richard Li-Hua</i></p> <p>55 Technology Strategy 321<br /> <i>Richard Li-Hua</i></p> <p>56 Technology and Globalization 325<br /> <i>David M. Kaplan</i></p> <p>57 Technology Transfer 329<br /> <i>Evan Selinger</i></p> <p>58 Technology and Capitalism 333<br /> <i>David M. Kaplan</i></p> <p>59 The Politics of Gender and Technology 338<br /> <i>Elisabeth K. Kelan</i></p> <p>60 European Politics, Economy and Technology 342<br /> <i>Erik Jones</i></p> <p>61 Asian Politics, Economy and Technology 347<br /> <i>Keekok Lee</i></p> <p>62 US Politics, Economy and Technology 353<br /> <i>David M. Hart</i></p> <p>63 Energy, Technology and Geopolitics 359<br /> <i>John R. Fanchi</i></p> <p><b>Part VI Technology and Ethics 365</b></p> <p>64 Technology and Ethics: Overview 367<br /> <i>Carl Mitcham and Katinka Waelbers</i></p> <p>65 Agriculture Ethics 384<br /> <i>David M. Kaplan</i></p> <p>66 Architecture Ethics 387<br /> <i>Warwick A. Fox</i></p> <p>67 Biomedical Engineering Ethics 392<br /> <i>Philip Brey</i></p> <p>68 Bioethics 397<br /> <i>Paul B. Thomson</i></p> <p>69 Biotechnology: Plants and Animals 402<br /> <i>Bart Gremmen</i></p> <p>70 Computer Ethics 406<br /> <i>Philip Brey</i></p> <p>71 Consumerism 412<br /> <i>Edward J. Woodhouse</i></p> <p>72 Development Ethics 416<br /> <i>Thomas Kesselring</i></p> <p>73 Energy Ethics 422<br /> <i>Kirsten Halsnæs</i></p> <p>74 Engineering Ethics 426<br /> <i>Christelle Didier</i></p> <p>75 Environmental Ethics 433<br /> <i>Thomas Søbirk Petersen</i></p> <p>76 Food Ethics 439<br /> <i>David M. Kaplan</i></p> <p>77 Future Generations 442<br /> <i>Jesper Ryberg</i></p> <p>78 Genethics 445<br /> <i>Nils Holtug</i></p> <p>79 Technology and the Law 449<br /> <i>Richard Susskind</i></p> <p>80 Media Ethics 452<br /> <i>Deni Elliott</i></p> <p>81 Medical Ethics 455<br /> <i>Søren Holm</i></p> <p>82 Nanoethics 459<br /> <i>John Weckert</i></p> <p>83 Nuclear Ethics 462<br /> <i>Koos van der Bruggen</i></p> <p>84 Religion and Technology 466<br /> <i>Carl Mitcham</i></p> <p>85 Technology and Personal Moral Responsibility 474<br /> <i>Jesper Ryberg</i></p> <p>86 Value-sensitive Design 477<br /> <i>Jeroen van der Hoven and Noemi Manders-Huits</i></p> <p><b>Part VII Technology and the Future 481</b></p> <p>87 Technology, Prosperity and Risk 483<br /> <i>Sven Ove Hansson</i></p> <p>88 World Risk Society 495<br /> <i>Ulrich Beck</i></p> <p>89 Risk Analysis 500<br /> <i>Sven Ove Hansson</i></p> <p>90 Prosperity and the Future of Technology 502<br /> <i>William Sims Bainbridge</i></p> <p>91 Converging Technologies 508<br /> <i>William Sims Bainbridge</i></p> <p>92 Nanotechnology 511<br /> <i>Alfred Nordmann</i></p> <p>93 Energy Forecast Technologies 517<br /> <i>John R. Fanchi</i></p> <p>94 Biotechnology 523<br /> <i>Jennifer Kuzma</i></p> <p>95 Transportation 532<br /> <i>Jonathan L. Gifford</i></p> <p>96 Global Challenges 538<br /> <i>Jennifer Kuzma</i></p> <p>97 Chemicals 546<br /> <i>Bruce E. Johansen</i></p> <p>98 The Future of Humanity 551<br /> <i>Nick Bostrom</i></p> <p>Index 558</p>

<p>"The emphasis on environment highlights the current importance of the topic, and will probably be the quickest to date." (<i>Reference Reviews,</i> February 2010)</p> <p>"The book is certainly worth consideration for some of the truly wonderful articles it does contain." (<i>CHOICE,</i> 2009)</p>

<b>Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen</b> has a Ph.D. in Science Studies and teaches Theory of Science at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of various publications, including a Danish anthology on the concept of “time” in science and <i>Philosophy of Technology: 5 Questions</i> (2007). <p><b>Stig Andur Pedersen</b> is Professor of Philosophy of Science at Roskilde University. He has published numerous papers on topics such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling in biology, foundational studies of mathematics and physics, and philosophy of medicine and engineering. He is also the co-author of <i>Philosophy of Medicine</i> (1990) and has co-edited several volumes.</p> <p><b>Vincent F. Hendricks</b> holds two doctoral degrees in philosophy, is Professor of Formal Philosophy at Roskilde University, and the winner of the Danish Elite Research Prize 2008. His work has been influential on modern mathematical and philosophical logic and concentrates primarily on bringing mainstream and formal approaches to epistemology together. He is the author of numerous texts and papers in this field.</p>

The aim of philosophy of technology is to help us understand technology’s complex interrelationships with the environment, society, culture—and with our very existence. <i>A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology</i> is the first comprehensive, authoritative reference source for this burgeoning and increasingly important field. <br /> <p>Drawing on groundbreaking new essays by a distinguished team of multi-disciplinary experts, <i>A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology</i> delves deeply into technology’s impact on our lives and on society. The essays both represent a variety of epistemological approaches, including those of the humanities, social studies, natural science, sociology, psychology, and engineering sciences and reflect a diversity of philosophical traditions such as pragmatism, analytical philosophy, and phenomenology.</p> <p>Erudite and authoritative, <i>A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology</i> is a major contribution to one of the fastest-growing and most vital areas of scholarship and study today.</p>

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