Details

Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality


Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality

Strategies, Tools, Process and Implementation
Quality and Reliability Engineering Series 2. Aufl.

von: Mark A. Levin, Ted T. Kalal, Jonathan Rodin

97,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 16.04.2019
ISBN/EAN: 9781119179436
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 456

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>The authoritative guide to the effective design and production of reliable technology products, revised and updated</b></p> <p>While most manufacturers have mastered the process of producing quality products, product reliability, software quality and software security has lagged behind. The revised second edition of <i>Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality</i> offers a comprehensive and detailed guide to implementing a hardware reliability and software quality process for technology products. The authors – noted experts in the field – provide useful tools, forms and spreadsheets for executing an effective product reliability and software quality development process and explore proven software quality and product reliability concepts.</p> <p>The authors discuss why so many companies fail after attempting to implement or improve their product reliability and software quality program. They outline the critical steps for implementing a successful program. Success hinges on establishing a reliability lab, hiring the right people and implementing a reliability and software quality process that does the right things well and works well together. Designed to be accessible, the book contains a decision matrix for small, medium and large companies. Throughout the book, the authors describe the hardware reliability and software quality process as well as the tools and techniques needed for putting it in place. The concepts, ideas and material presented are appropriate for any organization. This updated second edition: </p> <ul> <li>Contains new chapters on Software tools, Software quality process and software security.</li> <li>Expands the FMEA section to include software fault trees and software FMEAs.</li> <li>Includes two new reliability tools to accelerate design maturity and reduce the risk of premature wearout.</li> <li>Contains new material on preventative maintenance, predictive maintenance and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) to better manage repair cost and unscheduled downtime.</li> <li>Presents updated information on reliability modeling and hiring reliability and software engineers.</li> <li>Includes a comprehensive review of the reliability process from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint including new material on uprating and counterfeit components.</li> <li>Discusses aspects of competition, key quality and reliability concepts and presents the tools for implementation.</li> </ul> <p>Written for engineers, managers and consultants lacking a background in product reliability and software quality theory and statistics, the updated second edition of <i>Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality </i>explores all phases of the product life cycle. </p>
<p>About the Authors xix</p> <p>List of Figures xxi</p> <p>List of Tables xxv</p> <p>Series Editor's Foreword xxvii</p> <p>Series Foreword Second Edition xxix</p> <p>Series Foreword First Edition xxxi</p> <p>Foreword First Edition xxxiii</p> <p>Preface Second Edition xxxv</p> <p>Preface First Edition xxxvii</p> <p>Acknowledgments xli</p> <p>Glossary xliii</p> <p><b>Part I Reliability and Software Quality – It’s a Matter of Survival </b><b>1</b></p> <p><b>1 The Need for a New Paradigm for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality </b><b>3</b></p> <p>1.1 Rapidly Shifting Challenges for Hardware Reliability and Software Quality 3</p> <p>1.2 Gaining Competitive Advantage 5</p> <p>1.3 Competing in the Next Decade –Winners Will Compete on Reliability 5</p> <p>1.4 Concurrent Engineering 6</p> <p>1.5 Reducing the Number of Engineering Change Orders at Product Release 8</p> <p>1.6 Time-to-Market Advantage 9</p> <p>1.7 Accelerating Product Development 10</p> <p>1.8 Identifying and Managing Risks 11</p> <p>1.9 ICM, a Process to Mitigate Risk 11</p> <p>1.10 Software Quality Overview 12</p> <p>References 13</p> <p>Further Reading 13</p> <p><b>2 Barriers to Implementing Hardware Reliability and Software Quality </b><b>15</b></p> <p>2.1 Lack of Understanding 15</p> <p>2.2 Internal Barriers 16</p> <p>2.3 Implementing Change and Change Agents 17</p> <p>2.4 Building Credibility 19</p> <p>2.5 Perceived External Barriers 20</p> <p>2.6 Time to Gain Acceptance 21</p> <p>2.7 External Barrier 22</p> <p>2.8 Barriers to Software Process Improvement 23</p> <p><b>3 Understanding Why Products Fail </b><b>25</b></p> <p>3.1 Why Things Fail 25</p> <p>3.2 Parts Have Improved, Everyone Can Build Quality Products 28</p> <p>3.3 Hardware Reliability and Software Quality –The New Paradigm 28</p> <p>3.4 Reliability vs. Quality Escapes 29</p> <p>3.5 Why Software Quality Improvement Programs Are Unsuccessful 30</p> <p>Further Reading 31</p> <p><b>4 Alternative Approaches to Implementing Reliability </b><b>33</b></p> <p>4.1 Hiring Consultants for HALT Testing 33</p> <p>4.2 Outsourcing Reliability Testing 33</p> <p>4.3 Using Consultants to Develop and Implement a Reliability Program 34</p> <p>4.4 Hiring Reliability Engineers 34</p> <p><b>Part II Unraveling the Mystery </b><b>37</b></p> <p><b>5 The Product Life Cycle </b><b>39</b></p> <p>5.1 Six Phases of the Product Life Cycle 39</p> <p>5.2 Risk Mitigation 41</p> <p>5.3 The ICM Process for a Small Company 45</p> <p>5.4 Design Guidelines 46</p> <p>5.5 Warranty 46</p> <p>Further Reading 47</p> <p>Reliability Process 47</p> <p>DFM 48</p> <p><b>6 Reliability Concepts </b><b>49</b></p> <p>6.1 The Bathtub Curve 50</p> <p>6.2 Mean Time between Failure 51</p> <p>6.3 Warranty Costs 53</p> <p>6.4 Availability 55</p> <p>6.5 Reliability Growth 57</p> <p>6.6 Reliability Demonstration Testing 59</p> <p>6.7 Maintenance and Availability 62</p> <p>6.8 Component Derating 69</p> <p>6.9 Component Uprating 70</p> <p>Reference 71</p> <p>Further Reading 72</p> <p>Reliability Growth 72</p> <p>Reliability Demonstration 72</p> <p>Prognostics and Health Management 72</p> <p><b>7 FMEA </b><b>73</b></p> <p>7.1 Benefits of FMEA 73</p> <p>7.2 Components of FMEA 74</p> <p>7.3 Preparing for the FMEA 86</p> <p>7.4 Barriers to the FMEA Process 89</p> <p>7.5 FMEA Ground Rules 91</p> <p>7.6 Using Macros to Improve FMEA Efficiency and Effectiveness 92</p> <p>7.7 Software FMEA 94</p> <p>7.8 Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA) 97</p> <p>7.9 Process FMEAs 97</p> <p>7.10 FMMEA 99</p> <p><b>8 The Reliability Toolbox </b><b>101</b></p> <p>8.1 The HALT Process 101</p> <p>8.2 Highly Accelerated Stress Screening (HASS) 121</p> <p>8.3 HALT and HASS Test Chambers 127</p> <p>8.4 Accelerated Reliability Growth (ARG) 128</p> <p>8.5 Accelerated Early Life Test (ELT) 131</p> <p>8.6 SPC Tool 132</p> <p>8.7 FIFO Tool 132</p> <p>References 134</p> <p>Further Reading 134</p> <p>FMEA 134</p> <p>HALT 135</p> <p>HASS 136</p> <p>Quality 136</p> <p>Burn-in 136</p> <p>ESS 137</p> <p>Up Rating 137</p> <p><b>9 Software Quality Goals and Metrics </b><b>139</b></p> <p>9.1 Setting Software Quality Goals 139</p> <p>9.2 Software Metrics 140</p> <p>9.3 Lines of Code (LOC) 142</p> <p>9.4 Defect Density 142</p> <p>9.5 Defect Models 144</p> <p>9.6 Defect Run Chart 145</p> <p>9.7 Escaped Defect Rate 147</p> <p>9.8 Code Coverage 148</p> <p>References 149</p> <p>Further Reading 150</p> <p><b>10 Software Quality Analysis Techniques </b><b>151</b></p> <p>10.1 Root Cause Analysis 151</p> <p>10.2 The 5 Whys 151</p> <p>10.3 Cause and Effect Diagrams 152</p> <p>10.4 Pareto Charts 153</p> <p>10.5 Defect Prevention, Defect Detection, and Defensive Programming 154</p> <p>10.6 Effort Estimation 157</p> <p>Reference 158</p> <p>Further Reading 158</p> <p><b>11 Software Life Cycles </b><b>159</b></p> <p>11.1 Waterfall 159</p> <p>11.2 Agile 161</p> <p>11.3 CMMI 162</p> <p>11.4 How to Choose a Software Life Cycle 165</p> <p>Reference 166</p> <p>Further Reading 166</p> <p><b>12 Software Procedures and Techniques </b><b>167</b></p> <p>12.1 Gathering Requirements 167</p> <p>12.2 Documenting Requirements 169</p> <p>12.3 Documentation 172</p> <p>12.4 Code Comments 173</p> <p>12.5 Reviews and Inspections 174</p> <p>12.6 Traceability 179</p> <p>12.7 Defect Tracking 179</p> <p>12.8 Software and Hardware Integration 180</p> <p>References 182</p> <p>Further Reading 182</p> <p><b>13 Why Hardware Reliability and Software Quality Improvement Efforts Fail </b><b>183</b></p> <p>13.1 Lack of Commitment to the Reliability Process 183</p> <p>13.2 Inability to Embrace and Mitigate Technologies Risk Issues 185</p> <p>13.3 Choosing the Wrong People for the Job 186</p> <p>13.4 Inadequate Funding 186</p> <p>13.5 Inadequate Resources 191</p> <p>13.6 MIL-HDBK 217 –Why It Is Obsolete 192</p> <p>13.7 Finding But Not Fixing Problems 195</p> <p>13.8 Nondynamic Testing 196</p> <p>13.9 Vibration Testing Too Difficult to Implement 196</p> <p>13.10 The Impact of Late Hardware or Late Software Delivery 196</p> <p>13.11 Supplier Reliability 196</p> <p>Reference 197</p> <p>Further Reading 197</p> <p><b>14 Supplier Management </b><b>199</b></p> <p>14.1 Purchasing Interface 199</p> <p>14.2 Identifying Your Critical Suppliers 200</p> <p>14.3 Develop a Thorough Supplier Audit Process 200</p> <p>14.4 Develop Rapid Nonconformance Feedback 201</p> <p>14.5 Develop a Materials Review Board (MRB) 202</p> <p>14.6 Counterfeit Parts and Materials 202</p> <p><b>Part III Steps to Successful Implementation </b><b>205</b></p> <p><b>15 Establishing a Reliability Lab </b><b>207</b></p> <p>15.1 Staffing for Reliability 207</p> <p>15.2 The Reliability Lab 208</p> <p>15.3 Facility Requirements 210</p> <p>15.4 Liquid Nitrogen Requirements 210</p> <p>15.5 Air Compressor Requirements 211</p> <p>15.6 Selecting a Reliability Lab Location 212</p> <p>15.7 Selecting a Halt Test Chamber 213</p> <p>Reference 220</p> <p><b>16 Hiring and Staffing the Right People </b><b>221</b></p> <p>16.1 Staffing for Reliability 221</p> <p>16.2 Staffing for Software Engineers 225</p> <p>16.3 Choosing the Wrong People for the Job 226</p> <p><b>17 Implementing the Reliability Process </b><b>229</b></p> <p>17.1 Reliability Is Everyone’s Job 229</p> <p>17.2 Formalizing the Reliability Process 230</p> <p>17.3 Implementing the Reliability Process 231</p> <p>17.4 Rolling Out the Reliability Process 231</p> <p>17.5 Developing a Reliability Culture 235</p> <p>17.6 Setting Reliability Goals 236</p> <p>17.7 Training 237</p> <p>17.8 Product Life Cycle Defined 238</p> <p>17.9 Proactive and Reactive Reliability Activities 241</p> <p>Further Reading 244</p> <p>Reliability Process 244</p> <p><b>Part IV Reliability and Quality Process for Product Development </b><b>245</b></p> <p><b>18 Product Concept Phase </b><b>247</b></p> <p>18.1 Reliability Activities in the Product Concept Phase 247</p> <p>18.2 Establish the Reliability Organization 248</p> <p>18.3 Define the Reliability Process 249</p> <p>18.4 Define the Product Reliability Requirements 249</p> <p>18.5 Capture and Apply Lessons Learned 249</p> <p>18.6 Mitigate Risk 252</p> <p><b>19 Design Concept Phase </b><b>257</b></p> <p>19.1 Reliability Activities in the Design Concept Phase 257</p> <p>19.2 Set Reliability Requirements and Budgets 259</p> <p>19.3 Define Reliability Design Guidelines 263</p> <p>19.4 Revise Risk Mitigation 264</p> <p>19.5 Schedule Reliability Activities and Capital Budgets 268</p> <p>19.6 Decide Risk Mitigation Sign-off Day 269</p> <p>19.7 Reflect on What Worked Well 271</p> <p><b>20 Product Design Phase </b><b>273</b></p> <p>20.1 Product Design Phase 273</p> <p>20.2 Reliability Estimates 274</p> <p>20.3 Implementing Risk Mitigation Plans 276</p> <p>20.4 Design for Reliability Guidelines (DFR) 285</p> <p>20.5 Design FMEA 289</p> <p>20.6 Installing a Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System 290</p> <p>20.7 HALT Planning 291</p> <p>20.8 HALT Test Development 292</p> <p>20.9 Risk Mitigation Meeting 295</p> <p>Further Reading 296</p> <p>FMEA 296</p> <p>HALT 296</p> <p><b>21 Design Validation Phase </b><b>299</b></p> <p>21.1 Design Validation 299</p> <p>21.2 Using HALT to Precipitate Failures 301</p> <p>21.3 Proof of Screen (POS) 313</p> <p>21.4 Highly Accelerated Stress Screen (HASS) 315</p> <p>21.5 Operate FRACAS 315</p> <p>21.6 Design FMEA 317</p> <p>21.7 Closure of Risk Issues 317</p> <p>Further Reading 318</p> <p>FMEA 318</p> <p>Acceleration Methods 318</p> <p>ESS 318</p> <p>HALT 319</p> <p><b>22 Software Testing and Debugging </b><b>321</b></p> <p>22.1 Unit Tests 321</p> <p>22.2 Integration Tests 323</p> <p>22.3 System Tests 324</p> <p>22.4 Regression Tests 324</p> <p>22.5 Security Tests 326</p> <p>22.6 Guidelines for Creating Test Cases 327</p> <p>22.7 Test Plans 328</p> <p>22.8 Defect Isolation Techniques 329</p> <p>22.9 Instrumentation and Logging 331</p> <p>Further Reading 334</p> <p><b>23 Applying Software Quality Procedures </b><b>335</b></p> <p>23.1 Using Defect Model to Create Defect Run Chart 336</p> <p>23.2 Using Defect Run Chart to Know When You Have Achieved the Quality Target 336</p> <p>23.3 Using Root Cause Analysis on Defects to Improve Organizational Quality Delivery 338</p> <p>23.4 Continuous Integration and Test 338</p> <p>Further Reading 339</p> <p><b>24 Production Phase </b><b>341</b></p> <p>24.1 Accelerating Design Maturity 341</p> <p>24.2 Reliability Growth 346</p> <p>24.3 Design and Process FMEA 351</p> <p>Further Reading 355</p> <p>FMEA 355</p> <p>Quality 356</p> <p>Reliability Growth 356</p> <p>Burn-In 357</p> <p>HASS 357</p> <p><b>25 End-of-Life Phase </b><b>359</b></p> <p>25.1 Managing Obsolescence 359</p> <p>25.2 Product Termination 360</p> <p>25.3 Project Assessment 360</p> <p>Further Reading 361</p> <p><b>26 Field Service </b><b>363</b></p> <p>26.1 Design for Ease of Access 363</p> <p>26.2 Identify High Replacement Assemblies (FRUs) 363</p> <p>26.3 Wearout Replacement 365</p> <p>26.4 Preemptive Servicing 365</p> <p>26.5 Servicing Tools 365</p> <p>26.6 Service Loops 366</p> <p>26.7 Availability or Repair Time Turnaround 367</p> <p>26.8 Avoid System Failure Through Redundancy 367</p> <p>26.9 Random versus Wearout Failures 367</p> <p>Further Reading 368</p> <p><b>Appendix A </b><b>369</b></p> <p>A.1 Reliability Consultants 369</p> <p>A.2 Graduate Reliability Engineering Programs and Reliability Certification Programs 372</p> <p>A.3 Reliability Professional Organizations and Societies 376</p> <p>A.4 Reliability Training Classes 377</p> <p>A.5 Environmental Testing Services 379</p> <p>A.6 HALT Test Chambers 381</p> <p>A.7 Reliability Websites 382</p> <p>A.8 Reliability Software 383</p> <p>A.9 Reliability Seminars and Conferences 384</p> <p>A.10 Reliability Journals 386</p> <p><b>Appendix B </b><b>387</b></p> <p>B.1 MTBF, FIT, and PPM Conversions 387</p> <p>B.2 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 387</p> <p>B.3 Estimating Field Failures 396</p> <p>B.3.1 Comparing Repairable to Nonrepairable Systems 397</p> <p>Index 399</p>
<p><b>MARK A. LEVIN</b> is the Reliability Manager for Product Development at Teradyne, Inc., USA. He has over 36 years of electronics experience working in manufacturing, design and research. <p><b>TED T. KALAL</b> is a retired Reliability Manager. He has held many positions as a contract engineer and consultant where he focused on design, quality and reliability tasks. <p><b>JONATHAN RODIN</b> is a Software Engineering Manager at Teradyne, Inc., USA. Jon has 39 years of experience developing software either as a programmer or managing software development projects.
</p> <p><b>IMPROVING PRODUCT RELIABILITY AND SOFTWARE QUALITY</b> <p>STRATEGIES, TOOLS, PROCESS AND IMPLEMENTATION, SECOND EDITION <p>The authoritative guide to the effective design and production of reliable technology products, revised and updated <p>While most manufacturers have mastered the process of producing quality products, product reliability, software quality and software security has lagged behind. The revised second edition of <i>Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality</i> offers a comprehensive and detailed guide to implementing a hardware reliability and software quality process for technology products. The authors – noted experts in the field – provide useful tools, forms and spreadsheets for executing an effective product reliability and software quality development process and explore proven software quality and product reliability concepts. <p>The authors discuss why so many companies fail after attempting to implement or improve their product reliability and software quality program. They outline the critical steps for implementing a successful program. Success hinges on establishing a reliability lab, hiring the right people and implementing a reliability and software quality process that does the right things well and works well together. Designed to be accessible, the book contains a decision matrix for small, medium and large companies. Throughout the book, the authors describe the hardware reliability and software quality process as well as the tools and techniques needed for putting it in place. The concepts, ideas and material presented are appropriate for any organization. This updated second edition: <ul> <li>Contains new chapters on software tools, software quality process and software security.</li> <li>Expands the FMEA section to include software fault trees and software FMEAs.</li> <li>Includes two new reliability tools to accelerate design maturity and reduce the risk of premature wearout.</li> <li>Contains new material on preventative maintenance, predictive maintenance and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) to better manage repair cost and unscheduled downtime.</li> <li>Presents updated information on reliability modeling and hiring reliability and software engineers.</li> <li>Includes a comprehensive review of the reliability process from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint including new material on uprating and counterfeit components.</li> <li>Discusses aspects of competition, key quality and reliability concepts, and presents the tools for implementation.</li> </ul> <p>Written for engineers, managers and consultants lacking a background in product reliability and software quality theory and statistics, the updated second edition of <i>Improving Product Reliability and Software Quality</i> explores all phases of the product life cycle.

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