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Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Preface

List of Contributors

Part One: Structural Applications

Chapter 1: Oxidation and Corrosion of Ceramics

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Silica-Forming Ceramics

1.3 Alumina-Forming Ceramics

1.4 Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics

1.5 Oxide Ceramic Degradation Mechanisms

1.6 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2: Thermal Barrier Coatings

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Manufacturing Routes

2.3 YSZ-Based TBCS

2.4 New TBC Systems

2.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: Ceramic Filters and Membranes

3.1 Ceramics in Hot Gas Filtration

3.2 Ceramic Membranes for Liquid Filtration

3.3 Ceramic Membranes for Pervaporation/Vapor Permeation

3.4 Ceramic Membranes for Gas Separation

References

Chapter 4: High-Temperature Engineering Ceramics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Engineering Ceramic Systems

4.3 Turbine Engine Applications

4.4 Applications for Rocket Propulsion and Hypersonic Vehicles

4.5 Friction Materials

4.6 Concluding Remarks: Barriers to Application

References

Chapter 5: Advanced Ceramic Glow Plugs

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Glow Plugs

5.3 Metal-Type Glow Plugs

5.4 Ceramic Glow Plugs

5.5 Fabrication Procedure of Heater Elements for Ceramic Glow Plugs

5.6 Material Design of the Ceramic Heater Element

5.7 Silicon Nitride Ceramics

5.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 6: Nanosized and Nanostructured Hard and Superhard Materials and Coatings

6.1 Introduction: Small is Strong

6.2 Different Mechanisms of Hardness Enhancement in Coatings

6.3 Mechanisms of Decomposition of Solid Solution and Formation of Nanostructure

6.4 Industrial Applications of Nanocomposite and Nanostructured Coatings on Tools

6.5 Conclusions and Future Challenges

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7: Polymer-Derived Ceramics: 40 Years of Research and Innovation in Advanced Ceramics

7.1 Introduction to Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs)

7.2 Preceramic Polymer Synthesis

7.3 Processing of Preceramic Polymers

7.4 Microstructure of PDCs

7.5 Properties of PDCs

7.6 Applications of PDCs

7.7 Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Part Two: Functional Applications

Chapter 8: Microwave Ceramics

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Microwave Dielectric Properties

8.3 Overview of Microwave Dielectric Materials

8.4 Crystal Chemistry of Perovskite and Tungsten-Bronze-Type Microwave Ceramics

8.5 Microstructural Features in High-Q Perovskites

8.6 Glass-Free Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic LTCC Microwave Materials

References

Chapter 9: Ceramic Fuel Cells: Principles, Materials, and Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Fuel Cell Systems Efficiency and the Role of Ceramic Fuel Cells

9.3 Ceramic Fuel Cell Systems and Applications to Date

9.4 Efficiency and Principles of Ceramic Fuel Cells

9.5 Historical Overview of Ceramic Fuel Cells

9.6 SOFC Materials and Properties

9.7 New Approaches for Ceramic Fuel Cells

9.8 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 10: Nitridosilicates and Oxonitridosilicates: From Ceramic Materials to Structural and Functional Diversity

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Synthetic Approaches

10.3 1D Nitridosilicates

10.4 2D Nitridosilicates

10.5 3D Nitridosilicates

10.6 Chemical Bonding in Nitridosilicates

10.7 Material Properties

10.8 Outlook

References

Chapter 11: Ceramic Lighting

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Solid-State Lighting and White Light-Emitting Diodes

11.3 Ceramic Phosphors

11.4 White Light-Emitting Diodes Using Ceramic Phosphors

11.5 Outlook

References

Chapter 12: Ceramic Gas Sensors

12.1 Introduction: Definitions and Classifications

12.2 Metal-Oxide-Based Gas Sensors: Operational Principles and Sensing Materials

12.3 Performance Characteristics

12.4 Nano-Micro Integration

12.5 Mechanism of Gas Detection

12.6 Characterization Methodology

12.7 Conclusions and Outlook

References

Chapter 13: Oxides for Li Intercalation, Li-ion Batteries

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Why Oxides are Attractive as Insertion Materials

13.3 Titanium

13.4 Vanadium

13.5 Chromium

13.6 Manganese

13.7 Iron

13.8 Cobalt- and Nickel-Based Oxides

13.9 Copper

13.10 Conclusion

References

Chapter 14: Magnetic Ceramics

14.1 Background

14.2 Introduction

14.3 Magnetite

14.4 Doped Manganites

14.5 Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskites

14.6 Iron Nitrides and Summary

References

Index

Related Titles

Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)

Ceramics Science and Technology

4 Volume Set

2014

ISBN: 978-3-527-31149-1, also available in digital formats

Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)

Ceramics Science and Technology

Volume 1: Structures

2008

ISBN: 978-3-527-31155-2, also available in digital formats

Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)

Ceramics Science and Technology

Volume 2: Materials and Properties

2010

ISBN: 978-3-527-31156-9, also available in digital formats

Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)

Ceramics Science and Technology

Volume 3: Synthesis and Processing

2011

ISBN: 978-3-527-31157-6, also available in digital formats

Krenkel, W. (ed.)

Ceramic Matrix Composites

Fiber Reinforced Ceramics and their Applications

2008

ISBN: 978-3-527-31361-7, also available in digital formats

Aldinger, F., Weberruss, V.A.

Advanced Ceramics and Future Materials

An Introduction to Structures, Properties, Technologies, Methods

2010

ISBN: 978-3-527-32157-5

Krenkel, W. (ed.)

Verbundwerkstoffe

17. Symposium Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde

2009

ISBN: 978-3-527-32615-0,

also available in digital formats

Barsoum, M.

MAX Phases

Properties of Machinable Ternary Carbides and Nitrides

2013

ISBN: 978-3-527-33011-9,

also available in digital formats

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Print ISBN: 978-3-527-31158-3

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Preface

Along with metals and polymers, advanced ceramics are one of the most promising classes of materials for the key technologies of the 21^st century. Recent developments in the field has resulted in a number of new synthesis, processing and sintering techniques for the production of novel structural and functional ceramics and ceramic composites. Significant progress has also been made in the past two decades in the production of novel multifunctional ceramics with a tailor made micro- and/or nanoscale structure to respond to the increasing technological demand for advanced ceramic materials.

The four-volume series of Ceramics Science & Technology covers various aspects of modern trends in advanced ceramics reflecting the status quo of the latest achievements in ceramics science and development. The contributions highlight the increasing technological significance of advanced ceramic materials and present concepts for their production and application. Volume 1 deals with structural properties of ceramics by considering a broad spectrum of length scale, starting from the atomic level by discussing amorphous and crystalline solid state structural features, and continuing with the microstructural level by commenting on microstructural design, mesoscopic and nano structures, glass ceramics, cellular structures, thin films and multiphase (composite) structures. Volume 2 focuses on i) various distinct classes of ceramic materials, namely oxides, carbides and nitrides, and ii) physical and mechanical properties of advanced ceramics. The series is continued with Volume 3 with chapters related to advanced synthesis and processing techniques used for the production of engineering ceramics and is here completed by Volume 4 which is devoted to applications of engineering and functional ceramics.

Quo vadis ceramics? The four-volume series intends to provide comprehensive information relevant to the future direction of ceramics. In this respect, Volume 4 describes commercial applications of several advanced, engineering ceramics to offer evidence for their technological importance and to point to trends for the further development of this fascinating class of materials. Latest examples of commercial ceramics are found in transportation industry: PZT (Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃)-based piezoelectric actuators and Si₃N₄-based ball bearings and glow plugs are used in diesel engines, carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) is used for brakes, and oxide ceramics-based thermal barrier coatings are used in jet engines; in lighting industry: sialon-derivative-based luminescent ceramics for LED applications, and GaN-based ceramics for optoelectronics; and in many others.

As novel ceramics are called for and expected to establish a commercial status in the future in a number of emerging application fields, there is the need for a long-term alignment with the emerging fields and for continued fundamental research in ceramics science and technology. Along this line, Volume 4 highlights potential applications of advanced ceramics in applications such as fuel cells, membranes, gas sensors, and energy storage. In addition, specific functions uniquely delivered by ceramic materials are described: nanostructured ceramics for superhard applications, ceramics for ultrahigh temperature and corrosive environment applications, and ceramics for magnetic and microwave applications. Finally, novel compositions based on polymer-derived ceramics and nitridosilicates are discussed as promising future materials with properties unmatched by any material known today and ones that can only be realized by designing the material structure at the nanoscale. In this way, we hope this final volume and the four-volume series will celebrate and contribute to the exciting development of ceramics and technology by providing the latest scientific knowledge to ceramic students and ceramic research community.

We wish to thank all the contributing authors for their great enthusiasm in compiling excellent manuscripts in their respective area of expertise. We also acknowledge the support of the Wiley-VCH editors, Bernadette Gmeiner and Martin Preuß, for their continuous encouragement to work on this project.

Darmstadt and Philadelphia
May 2013

Ralf Riedel
I-Wei Chen

List of Contributors

Jörg Adler

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems

Winterbergstrasse 28

01277 Dresden

Germany

Lambert Alff

Technische Universität Darmstadt

Institute of Materials Science

Petersenstr. 23

65287 Darmstadt

Germany

Natalia N. Bramnik

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Institut für Angewandte Materialien- Energiespeichersysteme (IAM-ESS) & Institut für Anorganische Chemie

Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1

76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen

Germany

Paolo Colombo

University of Padova

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica

Settore Materiali

35131 Padova

Italy

and

The Pennsylvania State University

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

University Park, PA 16802

USA

Helmut Ehrenberg

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

Institut für Angewandte Materialien- Energiespeichersysteme (IAM-ESS) & Institut für Anorganische Chemie

Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1

76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen

Germany

Aleksander Gurlo

Technische Universität Darmstadt

Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften

Petersenstr. 32

64287 Darmstadt

Germany

Naoto Hirosaki

National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)

Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba

Ibaraki 305-0044

Japan

Peter Holtappels

Technical University of Denmark

Department of Energy Conversion and Storage

Frederiksborgvej 399,

4000 Roskilde

Denmark

Pavel Holubá

SHM s.r.o.

Prmyslová 3

787 01 Šumperk

Czech Republic

Nathan S. Jacobson

NASA Glenn Research Center

MS 106-1, 21000 Brookpark Road

Cleveland, OH 44135

USA

Botjan Janar

Jožef Stefan Institute

Advanced Materials Department

Jamova 39

1000 Ljubljana

Slovenia

Allan P. Katz

Air Force Research Laboratory

Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCC

Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817

USA

Ronald J. Kerans

Air Force Research Laboratory

Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCC(Emeritus)

Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817

USA

Ralf Kriegel

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems

Michael-Faraday-Str. 1

07629 Hermsdorf

Germany

Gabriela Mera

Technische Universität Darmstadt

Institute for Materials Science

64287 Darmstadt

Germany

Mamoru Mitomo

National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)

Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba

Ibaraki 305-0044

Japan

Takeshi Mitsuoka

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd

Material Research Dept R&D Center

2808 Iwasaki Komaki-shi

Aichi 485–8510

Japan

Sandro Pagano

Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich

Department of Chemistry

Butenandtstrasse 5–13

81377 Munich

Germany

Elizabeth J. Opila

University of Virginia

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

395 McCormick Rd.

Charlottesville, VA 22904

USA

Ralf Riedel

Technische Universität Darmstadt

Institute for Materials Science

64287 Darmstadt

Germany

Wolfgang Schnick

Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich

Department of Chemistry

Butenandtstrasse 5–13

81377 Munich

Germany

Gian Domenico Sorarù

University of Trento

Materials Science and Technology

38122 Trento

Italy

Bhaskar Reddy Sudireddy

Technical University of Denmark

Department of Energy Conversion and Storage

Frederiksborgvej 399,

4000 Roskilde

Denmark

Danilo Suvorov

Jožef Stefan Institute

Advanced Materials Department

Jamova 39

1000 Ljubljana

Slovenia

Robert Vaßen

Forschungszentrum Jülich

Institut für Energieforschung

Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße

52425 Jülich

Germany

Stan Vepek

Technical University Munich

Department of Chemistry

Lichtenbergstr. 4

85747 Garching

Germany

Maritza G.J. Vepek-Heijman

Technical University Munich

Department of Chemistry

Lichtenbergstr. 4

85747 Garching

Germany

Ingolf Voigt

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems

Michael-Faraday-Str. 1

07629 Hermsdorf

Germany

Marcus Weyd

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems

Michael-Faraday-Str. 1

07629 Hermsdorf

Germany

Rong-Jun Xie

National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)

Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba

Ibaraki 305-0044

Japan

Martin Zeuner

Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich

Department of Chemistry

Butenandtstrasse 5–13

81377 Munich

Germany