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<p>Series Preface ix</p> <p>Preface xi</p> <p>List of Contributors xiii</p> <p><b>SECTION 1 GENERAL WFD MONITORING FEATURES 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Water Status Monitoring under the WFD 3<br /> <i>Philippe Quevauviller</i></p> <p>1.2 Chemical Monitoring of Surface Waters 11<br /> <i>Peter Lepom and Georg Hanke</i></p> <p>1.3 The Monitoring of Ecological Status of European Freshwaters 29<br /> <i>Angelo G. Solimini, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Jacob Carstensen, Gary Free, Anna-Stiina Heiskanen, Niels Jepsen, Peeter Noges, Sandra Poikane and Wouter van de Bund</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 2 CASE STUDIES ON MONITORING DIFFERENT AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS UNDER THE WFD 61</b></p> <p>2.1 Lake Monitoring in Sweden 63<br /> <i>Hakan Marklund</i></p> <p>2.2 River Monitoring 77<br /> <i>Elena Perez Gallego</i></p> <p>2.3 Groundwater Monitoring: Implementation in Two Member States 87<br /> <i>Rob Ward, Johannes Grath and Andreas Scheidleder</i></p> <p>2.4 Coastal and Marine Monitoring 103<br /> <i>Patrick Roose</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 3 ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 131</b></p> <p>3.1 Emerging Methods for Water Monitoring in the Context of the WFD 133<br /> <i>Richard Greenwood and Graham A. Mills</i></p> <p>3.2 Diagnostic Water Quality Instruments for Use in the European Water Framework Directive 153<br /> <i>J.L. Maas, C.A. Schipper, R.A.E. Knoben, M.J. van den Heuvel-Greve, P.J. den Besten and P.G-J. de Maagd</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 4 MODELLING TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 163</b></p> <p>4.1 Joint Modelling and Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems 165<br /> <i>J.C. Refsgaard, L.F. Jorgensen, A.L. Hojberg, C. Demetriou, G. Onorati and G. Brandt</i></p> <p>4.2 Integrated River Basin Management: Harmonised Modelling Tools and Decision-making Process 181<br /> <i>Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz and Fred F. Hattermann</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 5 HYDROGEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND GROUNDWATER STATUS 195</b></p> <p>5.1 Groundwater Quality Monitoring: The Overriding Importance of Hydrogeologic Typology (and Need for 4D Thinking) 197<br /> <i>Didier Pennequin and Stephen Foster</i></p> <p>5.2 Contribution of Hydrogeological Mapping to Water Monitoring Programmes 215<br /> <i>Wilhelm F. Struckmeier</i></p> <p>5.3 Establishing Environmental Groundwater Quality Standards 229<br /> <i>Dietmar Muller</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 6 SEDIMENT MONITORING 241</b></p> <p>6.1 Sediment Dynamics and their Influence on the Design of Monitoring Programmes 243<br /> <i>Sue White</i></p> <p>6.2 Monitoring Sediment Quality Using Toxicity Tests as Primary Tools for any Risk Assessment 255<br /> <i>Wolfgang Ahlf, Ute Feiler, Peter Heininger and Susanne Heise</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 7 RISK ASSESSMENT LINKED TO MONITORING 271</b></p> <p>7.1 River Basin Risk Assessment Linked to Monitoring and Management 273<br /> <i>Jos Brils, Damia Barcelo, Winfried E.H. Blum, Werner Brack, Bob Harris, Dietmar Muller, Philippe Negrel, Vala Ragnarsdottir, Wim Salomons, Thomas Track and Joop Vegter</i></p> <p>7.2 Emerging Contaminants in the Water-sediment System: Case Studies of Pharmaceuticals and Brominated Flame Retardants in the Ebro River Basin 287<br /> <i>Mira Petrovic, Ethel Eljarrat, Meritxell Gros, Agustina de la Cal and Damia Barcelo</i></p> <p>7.3 Assessment of Metal Bioavailability and Natural Background Levels – WFD Monitoring from the Perspective of Metals Industry 299<br /> <i>Patrick Van Sprang, Katrien Delbeke, Lidia Regoli, Hugo Waeterschoot, Frank Van Assche, William Adams, Delphine Haesaerts, Claire Mattelet, Andy Bush, Lynette Chung and Violaine Verougstraete</i></p> <p>7.4 Freshwater Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change: the Euro-limpacs Project 313<br /> <i>Richard W. Battarbee, Martin Kernan, David M. Livingstone, Uli Nickus, Piet Verdonschot, Daniel Hering, Brian Moss, Richard F. Wright, Chris D. Evans, Joan O. Grimalt, Richard K. Johnson, Edward Maltby, Conor Linstead and Richard A. Skeffington</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 8 ENSURING DATA QUALITY 355</b></p> <p>8.1 NORMAN – Network of Reference Laboratories for Monitoring of Emerging Substances 357<br /> <i>Jaroslav Slobodnik and Valeria Dulio</i></p> <p>8.2 Data Quality Assurance of Sediment Monitoring 371<br /> <i>Ulrich Forstner, Susanne Heise, Wolfgang Ahlf and Bernard Westrich</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 9 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 387</b></p> <p>9.1 Reporting Requirements for Priority Substances 389<br /> <i>Valeria Dulio and Anne Morin</i></p> <p><b>SECTION 10 CONCLUSIONS 409</b></p> <p>10.1 Needs for an Operational Science–Policy Mechanism in Support of WFD Monitoring – National and Regional Examples 411<br /> <i>Philippe Quevauviller, Bob Harris and Philippe Vervier</i></p> <p>10.2 Support for WFD Research Needs: Current Activities and Future Perspectives in the Context of RTD Framework Programmes 445<br /> <i>Andrea Tilche</i></p> <p>Index 459</p>

<p><strong>Philippe Quevauviller</strong>, K.U. Leuven, Belgium and EC Commission, Brussels. <p><strong>Anne-Marie Fouillac</strong>, BRGM, France (Institution of Geosciences). <p><strong>Johannes Grath</strong>, Umweltbundesamt, Austria. <p><strong>Rob Ward</strong>, Environment Agency, United Kingdom.

The EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is probably the most significant legislative instrument in the water field that has been introduced on an international basis for many years. It moves towards integrated environmental management with key objectives to prevent any further deteriorating of water bodies, and protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems and associated wetlands. It aims to promote sustainable water consumption and will contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts. This book presents an overview of the legal and technical provisions, implementation and results of assessing water quality within the framework of this EU Water Framework Directive. It is written by experts from different sectors, disciplines and interests within water status monitoring and provides an in-depth analysis of various monitoring features within the Water Framework Directive. <p>Within this comprehensive text the following sections are included and discussed:</p> <ul> <li> <div>general monitoring aspects, including case studies concerning different aquatic environments</div> </li> <li> <div>analytical tools in support of WFD monitoring (including modelling).</div> </li> <li> <div>aspects of groundwater and sediment monitoring</div> </li> <li> <div>risk assessments linked to monitoring as well as data quality and reporting requirements</div> </li> <li> <div>The book concludes with discussions about the need for an operational science-policy mechanism and about current activities and perspectives in the context of EU RTD programmes</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>The Water Framework Directive - Ecological and Chemical Status Monitoring</i> will prove useful to students, researches and professionals involved with environmental and health sciences, analytical chemistry (and related environment monitoring), as well as those working in water companies and water producing industries. In addition, it will be relevant to those in related research institutes, pollution control and environmental monitoring laboratories.</p> <p><b>Water Quality Measurements Series</b></p> <p>This series provides a comprehensive coverage of the analytical techniques used for the measurement of substances in water, from sampling through to laboratory analysis. The scope of the series encompasses topic issues including quality assurance, standard procedures, and the best practices in measuring water quality, from surface and drinking water to coastal and wastewater. The techniques are discussed in relating to current legislation and guidelines.</p> <p>The series aims to offer workable answers to specific issues related to measurements of the water cycle quality using a comprehensive and scientifically sound approach.</p>

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